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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 359-365, abr. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385364

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: To determine the morphometric landmarks and anatomical variants relevant to the arthroscopic approach to the deep gluteal space. Twenty deep gluteal spaces from cadaveric specimens were dissected. The anatomical variants of the sciatic nerve (SN) were determined according to the Beaton and Anson classification. A morphometric study of the distances in the subgluteal space was carried out to define the anatomical references to achieve a safe arthroscopic approach for piriformis syndrome [GT-SN=Distance from greater trochanter (GT) to SN emergence; GT-IT=Distance from GT to ischial tuberosity (IT); GT-IGA=distance from GT to inferior gluteal artery (IGA) emergence; IT-SN=distance from IT to SN emergence; IT-IGA=distance from IT to IGA]. The SN showed the most frequent anatomical pattern with an undivided nerve coming out of the pelvis below the piriformis muscle (Beaton type A) in 16 specimens (80 %). The common peroneal nerve emergence in the subgluteal space through the piriformis muscle (PM) with the tibial nerve being located at the lower margin of the piriformis muscle (Beaton type B) was observed in 4 specimens (20 %). The morphometric measurements of the surgical area of study were: GT-SN=7.23 cm (±8.3); GT-IT=8.56 cm (±0.1); GT-IGA=8.46 cm (±0.97); IT-SN=5.28 cm (±0.73), IT- IGA=5.47 cm (±0.74). When planning surgery for the deep gluteal syndrome in adult patients, the fact that the emergence of the SN in the subgluteal space is approximately 7 cm from the greater trochanter and 5 cm from the ischial tuberosity must be considered.


RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar referentes morfométricos y variantes anatómicas relevantes en el abordaje artroscópico del espació subglúteo. Se disecaron veinte regiones glúteas procedentes de cadáver. Las variaciones anatómicas del nervio ciático (SN) se determinaron de acuerdo con la clasificación de Beaton y Anson. Se llevó a cabo un estudio morfométrico de distancias en el espacio subglúteo, con objeto de determinar referencias que permitan un abordaje artroscópico seguro del sindrome piriforme [GT-SN= distancia trocánter mayor (GT) a la emergencia del nervio ciático (SN); GT-IT= distancia GT a la tuberosidad isquiática (IT); GT-IGA= distancia GT a la emergen- cia de la arteria glútea inferior (IGA); IT-SN= distancia IT a la emergencia del SN; IT-IGA= distancia IT a la IGA]. El patrón más frecuente del SN fue su emergencia no dividida por el margen inferior del músculo piriforme (tipo A Beaton) en 16 especímenes (80 %). La salida del nervio fibular común a través del músculo piriforme (PM) con el nervio tibial localizado en el margen inferior del PM (tipo B Beaton) se observó en 4 especímenes (20 %). Las medidas en el área quirúrgica de estudio fueron: GT-SN= 7,23 cm ± 8,3; GT-IT= 8,56 cm ± 0,1; GT-IGA= 8,46 cm ± 0,97; IT-SN= 5,28 cm ± 0,73 IT-IGA= 5,47 cm ± 0,74. En la cirugía del síndrome glúteo profundo en adultos, debe considerarse que la sa- lida del SN hacia el espacio subglúteo tiene lugar aproximadamente a 7 cm del GT y a 5 cm de la IT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthroscopy , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks , Sciatic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/innervation , Cadaver , Anatomic Variation
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(4): 975-982, Aug. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124885

ABSTRACT

To reveal the extra- and intramuscular nerve distribution patterns of the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus, and to provide guidance for gluteal muscle injection in order to avoid nerve injury. Ten adult and 10 child cadavers were used. The superior and inferior gluteal nerves innervating the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus were dissected, exposed, and sutured in-situ on the muscle. The three gluteal muscles were removed, and the distribution patterns of the intramuscular nerves were revealed by modified Sihler's nerve staining. The nerve distribution pattern was returned to the corresponding position in the body, and the patterns in the four quadrants of the buttock were analyzed. There were 3-12 extramuscular nerve branches of the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus. After entering the muscle, these nerve branches arborized and anastomosed to form an arc-shaped, nerve-dense zone. The nerve distribution was most dense in the inferomedial region of the superolateral quadrant and the inferolateral region of the superomedial quadrant of the buttocks. The nerve distribution was relatively dense in the inferolateral region of the superolateral quadrant, and the medial region of the inferomedial quadrant. An arc-shaped, nerve-sparse zone in the superolateral and superomedial quadrants near the lower iliac crest accounted for about two-fifths of the two quadrants' limits. The arc-shaped, nerve-sparse zone in the superolateral quadrant is the preferred injection site, and the superomedial quadrant near the lower iliac crest is also recommended as a gluteal intramuscular injection region, free from nerve injury.


El objetivo de este trabajo fue revelar los patrones de distribución nerviosa extramusculat e intramuscular de los músculos glúteo máximo, medio y mínimo y proporcionar orientación para la inyección en la región glútea con el propósito de evitar lesiones nerviosas. Se utilizaron diez cadáveres adultos y diez niños. Los nervios glúteos superior e inferior que inervan a los músculos glúteo máximo, medio y mínimo fueron disecados, expuestos y suturados in situ en el músculo. Se extirparon los tres músculos glúteos y se revelaron los patrones de distribución de los nervios intramusculares mediante la tinción nerviosa de Sihler modificada. El patrón de distribución nerviosa se devolvió a la posición correspondiente en el cuerpo y se analizaron los patrones en los cuatro cuadrantes de la región glútea. Se encontraron 3 a 12 ramos nerviosos extramusculares de los músculos glúteo máximo, medio y mínimo. Después de ingresar al músculo, estas ramas nerviosas se arborizaron y anastomizaron para formar una zona densamente nerviosa en forma de arco. La distribución nerviosa fue de mayor densidad en la región inferomedial del cuadrante superolateral y en la región inferolateral del cuadrante superomedial de la región glútea. La distribución nerviosa era relativamente densa en la región inferolateral del cuadrante superolateral y en la región medial del cuadrante inferomedial. Una zona en forma de arco en los cuadrantes superolateral y superomedial y con escasa inervación, cerca de la cresta ilíaca representaba una parte de los límites de los dos cuadrantes. La zona de poca inervación en forma de arco en el cuadrante superolateral es el sitio de inyección preferido, y el cuadrante superomedial próximo a la cresta ilíaca también se recomienda como una región de inyección intramuscular glútea, libre de lesión nerviosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Buttocks/innervation , Injections, Intramuscular , Staining and Labeling , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(1): 199-202, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056421

ABSTRACT

El músculo piriforme es un músculo pelvitrocantérico que recibe su nombre debido a su forma de pera, cuyo origen es de varios fascículos que se encuentran entre los forámenes anteriores del sacro, correspondiente a las segunda, tercera y cuarta vértebra. Estos fascículos se funden constituyendo un músculo aplanado, que se inserta en el trocánter mayor del fémur. Presenta una relación bien conocida con el nervio isquiático, el cual comúnmente emerge hacia la región glútea por el margen inferior de este músculo, sin embargo a través del tiempo, autores han descrito variaciones del paso de este nervio que podrían asociarse a alguna patología de compresión del nervio isquiático. En una disección rutinaria de dos individuos formolizados, uno femenino y otro masculino de la región glútea, encontramos que el músculo piriforme se originaba a través de dos cabezas, cada una con su propia fascia que se unían en un vientre común, en forma de bíceps y a través de un tendón cilíndrico se insertaban en la parte medial del trocánter mayor del fémur. El nervio isquiático se encontraba dividido, el nervio fibular común emergía a la región glútea a través de las cabezas, en tanto el nervio tibial por el margen inferior del músculo piriforme. Es importante comunicar las variaciones anatómicas para complementar el conocimiento de las mismas, las que pueden explicar ciertos trastornos físicos y dolorosos como el denominado síndrome del músculo piriforme.


The piriform muscle is a pelvitrochanteric muscle that gets its name due to its pear shape, whose origin are several fascicles located between the anterior foramina of the sacrum, corresponding to the second, third and fourth vertebrae. These fascicles are fused forming a flattened muscle, which is inserted into the greater trochanter of the femur. It has a well-known relationship with the sciatic nerve, which commonly emerges towards the gluteal region through the lower margin of this muscle, however over time, authors have described variations in the course of this nerve that could be associated with some compression pathology of the sciatic nerve. In a routine dissection of two formalized individuals, one female and one male, we found that the piriformis muscle originated through two heads, each with its own fascia that joined in a bicep-shaped common belly. Through a cylindrical tendon it is inserted into the medial part of the greater trochanter of the femur. The sciatic nerve was divided, the common fibular nerve emerged to the gluteal region through the heads, while in the tibial nerve divided through the inferior margin of the piriformis muscle. It is important to report on the anatomical variations to complement knowledge of these variations, which may explain certain physical and painful disorders such as the socalled piriformis muscle syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sciatic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Piriformis Muscle Syndrome/pathology , Cadaver , Anatomic Variation
4.
Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2017; 38 (6): 84-92
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-187549

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Understanding the muscle activity during gait in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis [AIS] is clinically important. The objectives of this study was to analyze electrical activity of erector spinae muscles at T6 [ESj[6]X T10 [ES[t]10] and L3 [ESu] levels as well as glutens medius [GM] muscle during walking in female adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis


Materials and Methods: Twenty female adolescents with right thoracic scoliosis and 18 healthy adolescent control females [all 11 to 17 years old] participated in this study. An imaging system synchronized with a MA300-16 electromyography system and bipolar surfece electrodes were used to measure electrical activities of ES[t6], ESno, ESu and GM muscles during gait. Repeated measure analysis of variance and MANOVA were used for the comparisons within and between groups


Results: During the right stance phase, the activity of right ESroand left GM muscles in scoliotic patients were significantly [1.8 and 1.4 times] greater than that of control group [P=0.03]. In the left stance phase, scoliosis group showed higher activity at right and left GM muscles than control group [NX04]. In the right and left swing phase, the EMG activity of right GM and right ES[t6] muscles of scoliotic patients was respectively greater than that of controls. The right over left ratio of ES[t6] muscle activity for scoliosis group was higher than that for control group at all phases of gait cycle excqit for the right swing phase


Conclusion: AIS patients displayed greater activity in the right ESt6 and the right and left GM muscles during walking. AIS patients presented asymmetrical muscle activity in ES-ra muscle. EMG assessment during gait might have clinical importance in the detection of scoliotic curvature progression


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Electromyography , Paraspinal Muscles , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Gait , Healthy Volunteers
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 68(6): 427-432, dic. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830096

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El aumento de glúteo con implantes ha tomado fuerza en los últimos años con la aparición de la técnica intramuscular, que sugiere la creación de un bolsillo en el espesor del músculo glúteo mayor a 3 cm de profundidad. Por diferencias étnicas en el glúteo de pacientes chilenas, es necesario realizar mediciones para caracterizar el grosor del músculo glúteo mayor en nuestra población. Nuestro objetivo es conocer el espesor promedio del músculo glúteo mayor en mujeres chilenas. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, midiendo el espesor del músculo glúteo en todas las tomografías de abdomen y pelvis en prono, en mujeres entre 18 y 65 años, desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2015 en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se determinó la asociación con la edad, el peso, la talla, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el espesor de la grasa abdominal y glútea de las pacientes. Resultados: El promedio del espesor del músculo glúteo derecho fue de 3,85 cm (IC 95%: 3,76-3,95) y el del glúteo izquierdo fue de 3,84 cm (IC 95%: 3,75-3,92). Existió asociación positiva entre el peso y el espesor del músculo, y entre el IMC y el espesor del músculo. Estas asociaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas. Discusión: Por las características de nuestra población, en la que el espesor del músculo glúteo mayor es menor que el descrito en la literatura, el bolsillo en el músculo debe ser realizado con precaución y a una profundidad menor a la descrita.


Introduction: Buttock augmentation with implants has become more frecuent in recent years with the emergence of the intramuscular technique, which suggests creating a pocket in the thickness of the gluteus maximus muscle, 3 cm deep. Ethnic differences in the gluteus of Chilean patients, makes measurements necessary to characterize the thickness of the gluteus maximus muscle in our population. Our objective is to know the average thickness of the gluteus maximus muscle in Chilean women. Material and method: A descriptive, retrospective study was designed by measuring the thickness of the gluteal muscle in all abdominal CT scans in prone position, in women aged 18 to 65, from January 1th, to December 31, 2015 at the Clinical Hospital the University of Chile. Association with age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal and gluteal fat thickness of patients was determined. Results: The average thickness of the right gluteal muscle was 3.85 cm (95% CI: 3.76-3.95) and the left gluteal muscle was 3.84 cm (95% CI: 3.75-3.92). There was a positive association between weight and thickness of the muscle, and between BMI and thickness of the muscle, these associations were statistically significant. Discussion: In our population, the thickness of the gluteus maximus is less than described in the literature, pocket in the muscle should be done with caution and shallowest than described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Buttocks , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/surgery , Body Mass Index , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prostheses and Implants , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Weight by Height
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(11): 1127-1131, Nov. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-842011

ABSTRACT

New World primates Sapajus sp. unexpectedly display cognitive aspects, tool use, social behavior, memory and anatomical aspects similar to Old World primates, such as chimpanzees and baboons. Convergent evolutionary aspects must have occurred between Sapajus and Old World primates and should be verified not only in terms of behavior analysis, but also of anatomical structure. The pelvic region can provide data for evolutionary verification trends, since taking standing position is one of the characteristics associated to the use of tools by early humans and pongids. We used eight specimens of Sapajus libidinosus to describe the deep muscular structure of the pelvis. Unlike humans, the gluteus medius muscle in S. libidinosus is completely covered by the gluteus maximus and elongated as compared to humans and chimpanzees, putatively by the elongated pelvis of S. libidinosus. Considering origin and insertion, the gluteus maximus muscle resembles more its counterpart in baboons than in humans and chimpanzees, since this muscle in baboons is associated to semibiped posture and to the tail. Gluteus minimum, piriformis, superior gemellus, internal shutter, gemellus and lower square muscles are positioned in this order in relation to the cranial-caudal axis, with all of its tendons converging for a common insertion in the greater trochanter. The muscles of the gluteal region of S. libidinosus are similar to the baboon, especially regarding the gluteus maximus, which points to the evolutionary kinship of these animals.(AU)


Os Sapajus sp apresentam aspectos cognitivos, uso de ferramentas, comportamento social e memória, além de aspectos anatômicos, similares à primatas do Velho Mundo, como chimpanzés e babuínos, fatos inesperados para estes animais, que são primatas do Novo Mundo. Aspectos evolutivos convergentes devem ter ocorrido entre Sapajus e primatas do Velho Mundo que devem ser verificados não somente em termos de análise do comportamento, mas da estrutura anatômica. A região pélvica pode fornecer dados para a verificação de tendências evolucionárias, pois assumir a posição bípede é uma das características associadas ao uso de ferramentas pelos humanos primitivos e pongídeos. Para descrever a estrutura muscular profunda da pelve, foram utilizados oito espécimes de Sapajus libidinosus. O músculo glúteo médio em S. libidinosus, diferente de humanos, é totalmente recoberto pelo glúteo máximo, é alongado em relação aos humanos e chimpanzés, putativamente pela pelve alongada dos S. libidinosus. O músculo glúteo máximo se assemelha, considerando origem e inserção mais aos babuínos do que em humanos e chimpanzés, uma vez que em babuínos esse músculo está associado à postura semibípede e à cauda. Os músculos glúteo mínimo, piriforme, gêmeo superior, obturador interno, gêmeo inferior e quadrado estão posicionados nesta ordem em relação ao eixo crânio-caudal com todos seus tendões convergindo para uma inserção comum no trocânter maior. Os músculos da região glútea de S. libidinosus são semelhantes ao babuíno principalmente no que se refere ao músculo glúteo máximo, o que reflete o parentesco evolutivo desses animais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Primates/anatomy & histology
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(6): 539-544, jun. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-792611

ABSTRACT

Locomotion reveals the displacement and behavior manner of the species in their daily needs. According to different needs of the several species, different locomotor patterns are adopted. The shapes and attachment points of muscles are important determinants of the movements performed and consequently, the locomotion and motion patterns of living beings. It was aimed to associate anatomical, kinesiology and biomechanics aspects of the gluteal region and thigh of the giant anteater to its moving characteristics and locomotor habits. It was used three specimens of Myrmecophaga tridactyla, settled in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10% and subsequently, dissected using usual techniques in gross anatomy. The morphological characteristics of the gluteal region and thigh that influence the patterns of movement and locomotion of animals, were analyzed and discussed in light of literature. All muscles of the gluteal region and thigh of giant anteater show parallel arrangement of the muscular fibers, being flat or fusiform. These muscles are formed in the joint which the interpotent type biolever act. These morphological characteristics indicate a greater predominance of amplitude and movement speed at the expense of strength. On the other hand, features such as osteometric index and the observation of giant anteater motion indicate the opposite, what reflects this animal lack of expertise in locomotor habits and shows the need of future realization of more detailed studies in this subject.(AU)


A locomoção revela o modo de deslocamento e comportamento das espécies nas suas necessidades diárias. De acordo com as diferentes necessidades das diversas espécies, diferentes padrões locomotores são adotados. As formas e pontos de fixação dos músculos são importantes determinantes dos movimentos realizados e, por conseguinte, dos padrões de locomoção e movimentação dos seres vivos. Objetivou-se associar aspectos anatômicos, cinesiológicos e biomecânicos da região glútea e coxa do tamanduá bandeira às suas características de movimentação e hábitos locomotores. Utilizaram-se três espécimes de Myrmecophaga tridactyla, fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e posteriormente, dissecados usando as técnicas usuais em anatomia macroscópica. As características morfológicas da região glútea e coxa que influenciam os padrões de movimento e locomoção dos animais foram analisadas e discutidas à luz da literatura. Todos os músculos da região glútea e coxa do tamanduá bandeira apresentam disposição paralela das fibras musculares, sendo planos ou fusiformes. Esses músculos formam nas articulações sobre as quais agem bioalavancas do tipo interpotente. Essas características morfológicas indicam maior predominância de amplitude e velocidade de movimento em detrimento da força. Por outro lado, características como os índices osteométricos e a observação da movimentação do tamanduá bandeira indicam o oposto, o que reflete a falta de especialização desse animal quanto aos hábitos locomotores e sinaliza a necessidade da realização futura de estudos mais detalhados a esse respeito.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Locomotion/physiology , Thigh/anatomy & histology , Xenarthra/anatomy & histology , Biomechanical Phenomena
8.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 31(4): 586-590, 2016. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827473

ABSTRACT

Perineal and gluteal regions may be affected by a wide spectrum of diseases, and the treatment may require extensive surgery and cause functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial damages at various levels. Wounds in the extensive perineal and gluteal regions after surgical treatment of neoplasia may represent a challenge in local reconstruction. Size, location, and availability of tissue around the lesion may hinder wound primary closure, requiring the use of one or more flaps. This article reports a case of reconstruction of the perineal and gluteal regions after oncological resection at the plastic surgery service of the Hospital das Clínicas at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps of the gluteus maximus and myocutaneous of the semimembranosus were used.


As regiões glútea e perineal podem ser afetadas por um variado espectro de doenças, cujo tratamento pode demandar extensas mutilações e acarretar em prejuízo funcional, estético e psicossocial em variados graus. Feridas extensas da região perineal e glútea após o tratamento cirúrgico de neoplasias podem representar um desafio para a reconstrução local. Tamanho, localização e disponibilidade de tecido em torno da lesão são fatores que podem impedir o seu fechamento primário, tornando necessário o uso de um ou mais retalhos. Este artigo relata um caso de reconstrução de períneo e região glútea após ressecção oncológica, no serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Foram utilizados os retalhos muscular e fasciocutâneo de glúteo máximo e miocutâneo de semimembranoso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , History, 21st Century , Perineum , Surgical Flaps , Buttocks , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Proctectomy , Perineum/anatomy & histology , Perineum/surgery , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Proctectomy/methods
9.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 41(6): 440-444, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742122

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the anatomic topographic relation between the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriform muscle and the posterior portal for the establishment of hip arthroscopy. Methods: We dissected 40 hips of 20 corpses of adult Brazilians, 17 male and three female, six black, six brown and eight white. We studied the anatomical relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriform muscle with their variations and the distance between the lateral edge of the sciatic nerve and the posterior portal used in hip arthroscopy. We then classified the anatomical alterations found in the path of the sciatic nerve on the piriform muscle. Results: Seventeen corpses had bilateral relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriform muscle, i.e., type A. We found the following anatomical variations: 12.5% of variant type B; and an average distance between the sciatic nerve and the portal for arthroscopy of 2.98cm. One body had type B anatomical variation on the left hip and type A on the right. Conclusion: the making of the posterior arthroscopic portal to the hip joint must be done with careful marking of the trochanter massive; should there be difficult to find it, a small surgical access is recommended. The access point to the portal should not exceed two centimeters towards the posterior superior aspect of the greater trochanter, and must be made with the limb in internal rotation of 15 degrees. .


Objetivo: avaliar a relação anatômica topográfica entre o nervo ciático, em relação ao músculo piriforme, e o portal posterior utilizado para a realização da artroscopia de quadril. Métodos: foi realizada a dissecção de 40 quadris, de 20 cadáveres, indivíduos adultos, brasileiros, sendo 17 do sexo masculino e três do feminino, seis negros, seis pardos e oito brancos. Foram estudadas a relação anatômica entre o nervo ciático e o músculo piriforme com suas respectivas variações e a distância entre o bordo lateral do nervo ciático e o portal posterior, utilizado na artroscopia de quadril. Foram classificadas as alterações anatômicas encontradas no trajeto do nervo ciático relativo ao musculo piriforme. Resultados: dezessete cadáveres apresentavam bilateralmente a relação entre o nervo ciático e o músculo piriforme enquadradas no tipo A. Foram encontradas as seguintes variações anatômicas: 12,5% de variante tipo B e uma distância média entre o nervo ciático e o portal para artroscopia de 2,98cm. Um corpo apresentava variação anatômica tipo B no quadril esquerdo e tipo A no direito. Conclusão: a confecção do portal artroscópico posterior para a articulação do quadril deve ser realizada com marcação criteriosa do maciço trocantérico; havendo dificuldade para localizá-lo, recomenda-se um pequeno acesso cirúrgico. O ponto de acesso para o portal não deve ultrapassar dois centímetros em direção posterior à faceta póstero-superior do grande trocanter, e deve ser confeccionado com o membro em rotação interna de 15 graus. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arthroscopy , Sciatic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Hip Joint , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
10.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. 131 f p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-751567

ABSTRACT

A operação para aumento de glúteos com implantes teve início no fim da década de 1960, entretanto a técnica intramuscular, considerada padrão atualmente, foi descrita cerca de 30 anos depois. Cirurgiões e pacientes apresentam crescente interesse na realização do aumento de glúteos haja vista que sua frequência apresenta aumento nos últimos anos. A utilização de implantes intramusculares que superam o volume do músculo em mais de cinquenta por cento configura uma situação nova que deve ser estudada. O tecido muscular estriado esquelético apresenta grande suscetibilidade para atrofia secundariamente à compressão, e sendo o glúteo máximo um músculo importante na manutenção da postura ereta, deambulação, corrida e salto, é necessário pesquisar possíveis alterações musculares decorrentes da operação. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o volume e força do músculo glúteo máximo ao longo de 12 meses após a introdução de implantes intramusculares, o posicionamento destes implantes no interior da musculatura e mudanças antropométricas obtidas com a operação. Foram selecionadas 48 mulheres, 24 candidatas a gluteoplastia de aumento com implantes compuseram o grupo de estudo e 24 candidatas a mamoplastia de aumento compuseram o grupo controle de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As pacientes foram avaliadas em quatro momentos diferentes: pré-operatório e após três, seis e 12 meses da operação. Em todas as etapas foi realizada avaliação clínica nutricional, tomografia computadorizada com reconstrução 3D e teste isocinético. Todas as pacientes permaneceram afastadas de atividades físicas durante três meses após a operação. Foram utilizados implantes glúteos em gel coesivo de base oval e superfície lisa com volumes de 350 cm3 e 400 cm3. O nível de significância estatística foi mantido em 5%. As pacientes candidatas a gluteoplastia apresentaram valores da relação entre as medidas da cintura e do quadril maiores que aquelas do grupo controle...


The gluteal augmentation surgery using implants began in the late 1960s, however intramuscular technique, which is considered standard today, was described about 30 years later. Plastic surgeons and patients have increased interest in gluteal augmentation given the fact that the operation has been more frequently in recent years. The use of intramuscular implants that overcomes the muscle volume in more than fifty percent configures a new situation that should be studied. The skeletal muscle tissue shows high susceptibility to atrophy secondary to compression, and the gluteus maximus is an important muscle in the maintenance of erect posture, walking, running and jumping, it is necessary to investigate possible muscle changes resulting from the operation. The objective of this study is to assess the volume and strength of the gluteus maximus muscle during 12 months after the introduction of the implants, the position of these implants within the muscles and anthropometric changes obtained with the operation. 48 women were selected, 24 candidates for gluteal augmentation composed the study group and 24 candidates for breast augmentation composed the control group according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The patients were evaluated at four different moments: pre-operatively and after three, six and 12 months of the operation. At all stages of the study, was carried out nutritional evaluation, CT with 3D reconstruction and isokinetic testing. All patients remained away from physical activities for three months after the operation. Cohesive gel, oval base and smooth surface gluteal implants were used with volumes of 350 cm3 and 400 cm3. The level of statistical significance was 5%. The patients who were candidates for gluteoplasty presented bigger waist to hip ratio than those of the control group...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Muscle Strength/physiology , Prostheses and Implants/methods , Muscles/surgery , Buttocks/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/rehabilitation , Muscles/physiology , Nutrition Assessment , Buttocks/anatomy & histology
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(1): 168-173, Mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-591970

ABSTRACT

El nervio pudendo distribuye ramos motores y sensitivos para la región perineal y órganos genitales externos. Tiene importancia funcional en la micción, defecación, erección y parto. Desde el punto de vista clínico, se realiza bloqueo anestésico del mismo en la práctica obstétrica, se electroestimula en casos de incontinencia fecal o urinaria, entre otros procedimientos. Investigaciones anatómicas han señalado que puede presentar variaciones en su conformación y topografía. Con el propósito de complementar el conocimiento sobre este nervio en su trayecto por la región glútea, se estudió su conformación, biometría y relaciones con los vasos pudendos internos y ligamentos adyacentes. Se disecaron 30 regiones glúteas de 15 cadáveres formolizados de individuos brasileños, adultos, de ambos sexos, observando la conformación del nervio, número de ramos, disposición respecto a los vasos pudendos internos y ligamentos sacrotuberoso y sacroespinoso, registrando también su ancho en el trayecto entre los forámenes isquiático mayor y menor. El nervio pudendo se presentó como tronco único en 53,3 por ciento de los casos y dividido en ramos en 46,7 por ciento (dos ramos en 36,7 por ciento, tres en 6,7 por ciento y cuatro en 3,3 por ciento). Cuando estaba dividido, en 36,7 por ciento los ramos permanecieron separados y en 10 por ciento se unieron antes de ingresar en el foramen isquiático menor. El nervio (único o dividido) fue medial a los vasos pudendo internos en 70 por ciento y lateral a ellos en 3,3 por ciento. En el 26,7 por ciento restante, estaba dividido en dos o tres ramos, que se situaban medial y lateralmente a los vasos o los cruzaban posteriormente. Su posición fue anterior al ligamento sacrotuberoso en 93,3 por ciento. El nervio pudendo presenta interesantes variaciones en su conformación y topografía, que deben ser consideradas durante los procedimientos clínicos y quirúrgicos que lo involucren.


The pudendal nerve distributes motor and sensory branches to the perineum and genital external organs. It has functional importance in the micturition, defecation, erection and labor. From the clinical point of view, anaesthetic blockade of the same one is realized in the obstetric practice, electroestimulation in cases of fecal or urinary incontinence, among other procedures. Anatomical investigations have indicated that it can present variations in its conformation and topography. The objective of this study was complete knowledge about this nerve in its course through the gluteal region, its conformation, biometry and its relationship with the internal pudendal vessels and adjacent ligaments were studied. We dissected 30 gluteal regions of 15 corpses fixed in formaldehyde 10 percent of Brazilian individuals, adult, of both sexes, observing the conformation of the nerve, number of branches, disposition with regard to the internal pudendal vessels and sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, also recording its external diameter in the distance between greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen. The pudendal nerve appeared as a single trunk in 53.3 percent of the cases and divided in branches in 46.7 percent (two branches in 36.7 percent, three in 6.7 percent and four in 3.3 percent). When it was divided, in 36,7 percent the branches remained separated and in 10 percent they joined before the lesser sciatic foramen. The nerve (single or divided) was medial to the internal pudendal vessels in 70 percent and lateral to them in 3.3 percent. In 26.7 percent, it was divided in two or three branches, which were located medially and laterally to these vessels or crossing posterior to them. Its position was anterior to the sacrotuberous ligament in 93.3 percent. The pudendal nerve presents interesting variations in its conformation and topography which must be considered during the clinical and surgical procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/innervation , Buttocks/blood supply , Cadaver , Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Plexus/growth & development , Lumbosacral Plexus/blood supply
12.
Rev. med. Tucumán ; 6(3): 135-40, jul.-sept. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282864

ABSTRACT

La administración de medicamentos por vía intramuscular (IM) en la zona glútea requiere la delimitación del cuadrante súpero-externo, para lo cual es necesario la ubicación de los reparos anatómicos tradicionales. A fin de permitir la exposición de tales referentes el paciente debe adoptar la posición decúbito ventral o lateral, pero, cuando su movilidad se ve restringida, esta maniobra presenta dificultades. Ante esta situación se pensó en otros referentes anatómicos que pudieran localizarse fácilmente. Este estudio consistió en la determinación del sitio de punción para inyectables por vía IM, en la zona glúteo-ventral teniendo como parámetros a la cresta ilíaca y a la articulación coxo-femoral. En los pacientes que podían adoptar el decúbito dorsal o bien lateralizarse completamente (n=170), se ubicaron los reparos anatómicos tradicionales y al mismo tiempo los de la variable en estudio. Se comprobó así que el sitio delimitado utilizando el referente cresta ilíaca-articulación coxofemoral forma parte del cuadrante súpero-externo de la zona glútea. En 150 pacientes con movilidad restringida, sólo se utilizó la variable en estudio para la ubicación del sitio de punción, introduciéndose la aguja en forma lateral, pero siempre respetando el principio de la perpendicularidad en relación al plano de la piel, no registrándose ninguna complicación, ni dificultad. Este sitio, así delimitado, está comprendido en el cuadrante súpero-externo de la región glútea, zona que no ofrece riesgos para la administración de medicamentos por vía IM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Injections, Intramuscular , Movement Disorders , Modalities, Position , Safety , Risk Factors
13.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 9(5): 34-41, jul. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231614

ABSTRACT

El abordaje lateral directo de la cadera, consiste en una aproximación a la cápsula articular, mediante una incisión longitudinal descrita sobre el trocánter mayor del fémur a traves de fascia lata y una disección conjunta del músculo glúteo medio y vasto lateral para su posterior retracción hacia anterior. Esta técnica puede traer consigo un daño neurológico a nivel del nervio glúteo superior, que inerva los músculos abductores del musculo. El objetivo de esta investigación es destacar las razones anatómicas de la posible lesión del nervio


Subject(s)
Humans , Hip/anatomy & histology , Hip Joint/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Hip/blood supply , Hip/surgery
14.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 42(1): 15-7, jan.-fev. 1987. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-41439

ABSTRACT

Foram obtidos neste trabalho diferentes parâmetros para localizar o nervo isquiático e que podem se constituir em um método alternativo para outros já utilizados na prática médica. Em 30 membros inferiores de indivíduos melanodermos e eucodermos, foram feitas as seguintes medidas relativas ao nervo isquiático, no ponto em que cruza o sulco glúteo: 1) distância do nervo à extremidade do cóccix; 2) ângulo formado pelo plano sagital mediano e a linha referida; 3) distância da superfície da pele ao nervo. Os seguintes respectivos valores para as médias foram feitas encontrados para melano e leucodermos: 17,83 cm + ou - 1,54 e 15,89 cm + ou - 1,68; 34,21- + ou - 4,98 e 39,12- + ou - 6,09; 3,28 cm + ou - 1,13 e 3,26 cm + ou - 0,45. Os valores para os melanodermos e leucodermos näo diferem significantemente, quando comparados estatisticamente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Sciatic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/anatomy & histology
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